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2) A gang is a group of people, especially young people.They are connected in some way and "hang" around, e.g.: frightening people and breaking windows. They also fight with rival gangs. Many young people, especially young people who are in their puberty, often feel misunderstood by their parents. The teenagers often cannot handle such problems and so they tend to join groups like gangs. In the gangs they feel important. They are somebody. The gang is like a family for them. The other members of the gang are confronted with the same problems and so they understand each other.
3) THE 19TH CENTURY GANGS:
It was not until the 19th century that "criminal" gangs were first formed. As the result of a worsening economy and growing population that increased competition for jobs, gangs began to specialize in crime and became a part of America's cities.
THE 20TH CENTURY GANGS:
In the early 19ths the U.S. economy got worse, the population grew rapidly and the gap between the rich and poor widened. All across the nation gangs appeared where poor, hopless people lived.
The beginning of the 20th century also brought a widespread use of firearms with it.
GANGS TODAY:
Since the 1980s, as the ghettos become more and more overcrowded, a gang's territory has become no more than a single corner or a block. Guns decide arguments quickly and gang wars today are usually fought like guerilla warfare with shooting from roofs and quick shots from speeding cars. Gangs are found in all 50 states and come from many backgrounds. Members are still usually male, between the ages 13 and 24.
4) REASONS FOR GANG MEMBERSHIP:
Gangs are still largely populated by young people from disenfranchised neighbourhoods. Characteristic features are overcrowding, high unemployment, high drop out rates, lack of social services and a general feeling of hopelessness.
Some experts estimate that more than 80% of gang members are illiterate and find it nearly impossible to get a job.
Young people turn to gangs to earn a living through drug trafficking, illegal weapons sales, robbery and theft. Some young people join gangs to gain the protection and the respect they do not get at home. Or they may join gangs because all their friends are doing it as well, it seems like a natural thing to do. Some experts say that young people from troubled homes attempt to find substitute families in gangs.
5) GANG STRUCTURE:
Gang structure varies. The largest gangs, some with 2000 members break up into smaller groups called clubs and cliques. Clubs bring more territory to a gang, cliques assemble new gang members and unite them along similar interests (street fighting, burglary).
GANG LEADERSHIP:
Some gangs operate informally, the leadership is falling to whoever takes control. Other gangs have distinct leaders and highly structured gangs have officers. The president might direct the gang's business dealings and the vice president might keep members in line, overseeing the gang's communication network (including car phones, walkie-talkies, pagers and beepers).
Gang members use these devices to coordinate drug deals and to protect themselves from arrest. The "warlord" keeps order at gang meetings, plans fights against rival gangs and controls the gang's arsenal.
6) SOLUTIONS:
Although there are no easy solutions to the gang problem, sociologists and social workers have some ideas:
1.) Create jobs for young people.
2.) Develop community programs in the arts, sports.....
3.) Make sure young people receive a good education.
4.) Create alternate living situations for children who cannot stay at home.
5.) Society as a whole must look at problems of poverty and discrimination.
6.) Young people can do their part by being open to alternative activities.
7.) Against all prejudices young people should appreciate cultural differences.
8.) Provide counseling services for families and young people.